
Trade restrictions, trade policy uncertainty and FDI flows
Trade policy has become a major source of macroeconomic risk. The sharp rise in trade restrictions and the growing

Trade policy has become a major source of macroeconomic risk. The sharp rise in trade restrictions and the growing

Bilateral trade shocks may reallocate demand and competition across countries, creating spillovers for firms in bystander countries. To study

As global trade policy becomes increasingly protectionist, the threat of tariff retaliation looms large. This column analyses how the

How much has trade policy changed globally? This column introduces the Trade Policy Activity Index, a monthly measure of

EU aid is still more poverty-focused than peers, but external policy drivers are growing and reshaping development cooperation after

The motives for the accumulation and management of foreign exchange reserves are a key topic in international economics. This

Navigating global trade data is often a dual challenge for policymakers and researchers: finding the right numbers is hard,

Productivity gains from AI are expected to be significant, but how international trade shapes the cross-country distribution of these

Has the rise of industrial policy driven an increase in global current account imbalances? Can tariffs fix them? This

Nearly nine in ten chief economists surveyed expect global growth to weaken over the next 12 months. The global

Trade policy has become a major source of macroeconomic risk. The sharp rise in trade restrictions and the growing

Bilateral trade shocks may reallocate demand and competition across countries, creating spillovers for firms in bystander countries. To study

As global trade policy becomes increasingly protectionist, the threat of tariff retaliation looms large. This column analyses how the

How much has trade policy changed globally? This column introduces the Trade Policy Activity Index, a monthly measure of

EU aid is still more poverty-focused than peers, but external policy drivers are growing and reshaping development cooperation after

The motives for the accumulation and management of foreign exchange reserves are a key topic in international economics. This

Navigating global trade data is often a dual challenge for policymakers and researchers: finding the right numbers is hard,

Productivity gains from AI are expected to be significant, but how international trade shapes the cross-country distribution of these

Has the rise of industrial policy driven an increase in global current account imbalances? Can tariffs fix them? This

Nearly nine in ten chief economists surveyed expect global growth to weaken over the next 12 months. The global




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