Access to jobs is influenced by where people live and the conditions that surround them. Spatial factors such as infrastructure,
The monetary tightening that followed the post-pandemic inflation episode has revived long-standing debates about how monetary policy affects households. This
The data is clear: Investments in adaptation and resilience deliver high economic returns but remain insufficient and poorly targeted. Evidence
Immigration is increasingly part of the European policy debate on ageing, labour shortages, and the sustainability of welfare systems. This
The dramatic developments unfolding globally, spanning wars, geopolitical shifts, and trade disruptions, have caught Europe off balance. The 2026 Florence
In its bid to compete with the US on AI, Europe could learn from both China and from the classic
While some observers argue that artificial intelligence may lead to large productivity gains, there are also concerns that it may
Little is known about how firms think about rare macroeconomic disasters and how these beliefs shape their decisions. This column
Tariffs have returned as instruments of economic and geopolitical policy, but their short- and medium-run macroeconomic effects are still not
The Credit Suisse crisis in 2023 demonstrated that foreign currency funding vulnerabilities remain material even in advanced, well-regulated financial systems.
Global climate and biodiversity outcomes will largely be determined in emerging and developing economies (EMDEs). We propose a four-pillar strategy
The European Union Nature Restoration Law (NRL) entered into force in 2024. The NRL sets quantitative restoration targets aimed at
Carbon pricing has become a central tool in Europe’s strategy to mitigate climate change. This column presents new evidence on
Faced with major security challenges, Europe is preparing to boost its defence capacity. To defend itself against Russia without the
Recent military conflict in the Middle East have once again reminded the world how vulnerable modern economies
During a visit to El Salvador, we met MarÃa Alexandra Tamanique, a maize farmer in La Libertad.
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