The European Union’s pledge to buy $250 billion of U.S. energy supplies per year is unrealistic because it would require the redirection of most U.S. energy exports towards Europe and the EU has little control over the energy its companies import. The U.S. and EU struck a framework trade deal on Sunday, which will impose 15% U.S. […]
The world oil market may be tighter than it appears despite a supply and demand balance pointing to a surplus, the International Energy Agency said on Friday, as refineries ramp up processing to meet summer travel demand. The IEA, which advises industrialised countries, expects global supply to rise by 2.1 million barrels per day this […]
Oil prices rose on Tuesday, extending the previous day’s rally, on optimism that a trade war between the United States and its major trading partners was abating and as President Donald Trump ramped up pressure on Russia over its war in Ukraine. Brent crude futures were up 95 cents, or 1.36%, at $70.99 a barrel […]
The independence of monetary authorities from political interference is a foundational principle of modern central banking, and understanding whether threats to this independence affect expectations and beliefs is important. This column uses data from the Polymarket platform, where users trade on Federal Reserve interest rate decisions and possible replacement of Chair Powell, to examine how […]
After the June NATO summit, Europe faces greater challenges in funding its green, digital, and defence transitions, as new defence commitments strain national and EU budgets. Balancing strategic priorities with debt sustainability is key. This column proposes a three-pronged strategy of (i) using existing fiscal tools, (ii) adopting additional national measures, and (iii) building a […]
By some criteria, the post-pandemic disinflation was a triumph for central banks in advanced economies: inflation fell sharply from 40-year highs while unemployment rates remained low, the combination of which generated historically low sacrifice ratios (output losses per inflation reduction). These standard metrics for success, however, ignore adjustments in the price level, which rose by […]
The US administration’s latest threat to impose sweeping new tariffs on many of its closest allies signals a renewed embrace of aggressive unilateralism and misunderstood economics. This column argues that the only effective response is a coordinated one. Unified retaliation by a coalition of like-minded countries made up of the EU, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, and […]
In the first half of 2025, the US and some of its trading partners announced significant changes to import tariffs. This column uses newly designed questions to study the impact of these changes on UK firms and to assess the level of trade uncertainty. On average, the majority of firms expect no material impact on […]
The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine marked an end to stability in Europe. This column analyses the economic effects for Ukraine, Russia, as well as spillovers on other countries, using professional forecast data from 29 nations. Forecasters predicted that the war would be highly stagflationary for Ukraine and Russia, lowering GDP and increasing the price […]
Family-friendly policies often aim to make it ‘easier’ to have children, yet little is known about how firms respond to such policies. This column develops a structural model of the labour market and applies it to administrative data from Spain to show that while family-friendly policies that provide job security increase fertility by making motherhood […]
