How fund design affects volatility – by shaping both trading and investor composition

Exchange-traded funds and open-ended mutual funds have grown rapidly, and they are increasingly expanding into illiquid asset classes such as corporate bonds. This column argues
What the financial sector needs to know about climate-related risks in the next five years: Navigating the new NGFS short-term scenarios for Europe

The immediate effects of climate-related risks are particularly relevant for the financial sector. Climate stress tests, which are often carried out over three to five-year

