Understanding spatial barriers to jobs and much more with GeoE3
Access to jobs is influenced by where people live and the conditions that surround them. Spatial factors such as infrastructure, safety, and exposure to natural
Faced with global shocks, protect investments that drive growth and jobs
The global economy is entering another period of heightened stress. Geopolitical tensions, policy uncertainty, climate risks, and rapid technological change are making policy decisions more
Building Resilience in Europe and Central Asia: A Smart Investment for Growth and Jobs
The data is clear: Investments in adaptation and resilience deliver high economic returns but remain insufficient and poorly targeted. Evidence shows that targeted, early investments
The different effects of oil and gas supply shocks on euro area inflation
The surge in energy prices since March 2026 has revived questions about the pass-through to consumer prices. This column argues that oil supply shocks have
The growing impact of political risk on financial markets
Risk associated with broad political changes can be quantified with a globally priced factor common across stocks, bonds and currencies. Political risk is increasingly driving
Geopolitical oil price shocks: Why these shocks hit harderGeopolitical oil price shocks: Why these shocks hit harder
When geopolitical crises strike, oil prices often surge, with consequences that extend far beyond energy markets. This column shows that oil price shocks associated with
Using global shocks as a laboratory to study executive pay
It is often claimed that executives reap rewards from favourable market tailwinds they did nothing to create. This column uses two decades of Danish data
Fast payments and digital ID: Making everyday payments safer, simpler, and more efficient
Imagine this situation – María runs a small grocery shop, and one afternoon she receives a message asking her to pay a supplier urgently through
Mortgage borrower actions dampen the impact of higher rates on monthly payments
The surge in inflation following the COVID-19 pandemic prompted many central banks to raise interest rates sharply. This column combines data from a large German
The nitrogen paradox: Every sweet hath its sour
When the philosopher and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote in 1841, “Every sweet hath its sour; every evil its good”, nitrogen was surely the last
