How do trade restrictiveness and trade policy uncertainty affect FDI? An empirical investigation
Rising trade barriers and uncertainty are choking FDI inflows, hitting low and middle-income investors hardest in a fragmented global economy. In the context of rising
Literature support and the capabilities of autonomous research agents
A central weakness of modern machine-learning systems is that performance tends to deteriorate outside the support of the training distribution. This column uses a tournament-style
Availability, accessibility, affordability of quality food are vital for food security, says FAO
The Director-General emphasised that the “Four Levels of Food” provide a crucial roadmap for enhancing food security. However, he noted that implementation requires systemic coherence.
A more resilient Europe faces a renewed energy shock – but difficult trade-offs may resurface
The conflict in the Middle East has triggered a renewed energy shock for Europe. While the macroeconomic impact is currently expected to remain more contained
Oil shocks, remittances, and growth: the data behind South Asia’s energy vulnerability
Consider a family whose income has suddenly fallen short of covering basic needs. Fuel costs have risen, reducing what the household budget can afford, and
A smarter approach to electricity rationing
Ukraine’s grid operators have primarily relied on rotational outages to manage power scarcity, but this effectively functions as regressive tax on those least equipped to
Europe needs a strategy to close the artificial intelligence compute gap
In its bid to compete with the US on AI, Europe could learn from both China and from the classic Airbus industrial policy case. The
The different effects of oil and gas supply shocks on euro area inflation
The surge in energy prices since March 2026 has revived questions about the pass-through to consumer prices. This column argues that oil supply shocks have
Understanding the global clean tech manufacturing slowdown
Investment in clean technology manufacturing facilities is falling worldwide. After peaking at $70 billion in 2023, quarterly manufacturing investment more than halved to $35 billion
Quantifying the impact of the Iran war on US inflation
The outbreak of the Iran war in February 2026 has led to a major disruption to oil trade and a surge in oil prices. This
