
EU barriers to scaling up: The case of fragmented product markets
European firms tend to be smaller and less productive than US firms. Qualitative and survey-based evidence suggests that one

European firms tend to be smaller and less productive than US firms. Qualitative and survey-based evidence suggests that one

During the recent tightening and easing cycle, the aggregate bank lending rate to firms in the euro area increased

A central concern in the climate policy debate is whether ambitious mitigation efforts simply shift emissions abroad. This column

Payment stablecoins are set to become an important financial instrument. Their impact on the financial system will depend on

Non-degree credentials are rapidly multiplying as alternatives to traditional higher education, but in a largely unregulated market. This column

While recent analysis has focused on direct impacts of US tariffs and potential retaliation, major US trading partners have

Existing evidence indicates that foreign direct investment promotes growth only when host economies have the human capital and deep

Governments impose tariffs to protect domestic clean-energy industries and accelerate decarbonisation, but tariffs can increase the costs of deploying

The EU’s digital economy relies on investments by the telecoms industry to keep the bloc at the forefront of

Safe-haven currencies are generally understood to appreciate when risk sentiment deteriorates, providing investors with insurance. This column demonstrates that

European firms tend to be smaller and less productive than US firms. Qualitative and survey-based evidence suggests that one

During the recent tightening and easing cycle, the aggregate bank lending rate to firms in the euro area increased

A central concern in the climate policy debate is whether ambitious mitigation efforts simply shift emissions abroad. This column

Payment stablecoins are set to become an important financial instrument. Their impact on the financial system will depend on

Non-degree credentials are rapidly multiplying as alternatives to traditional higher education, but in a largely unregulated market. This column

While recent analysis has focused on direct impacts of US tariffs and potential retaliation, major US trading partners have

Existing evidence indicates that foreign direct investment promotes growth only when host economies have the human capital and deep

Governments impose tariffs to protect domestic clean-energy industries and accelerate decarbonisation, but tariffs can increase the costs of deploying

The EU’s digital economy relies on investments by the telecoms industry to keep the bloc at the forefront of

Safe-haven currencies are generally understood to appreciate when risk sentiment deteriorates, providing investors with insurance. This column demonstrates that




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