
The design and effect of tariff retaliation: Evidence from the EU
As global trade policy becomes increasingly protectionist, the threat of tariff retaliation looms large. This column analyses how the

As global trade policy becomes increasingly protectionist, the threat of tariff retaliation looms large. This column analyses how the

Governments with well-designed fiscal rules generally enjoy lower yields but less is known about whether investors price compliance with

Low insurance coverage is turning EU governments into disaster insurers of last resort, strengthening the case for prevention and

The global economy is changing at extraordinary speed, and education and training systems are struggling to keep up. Artificial

With falling commercial and emergency oil reserves, Europe’s oil price shock could soon become a volume crisis – a

The central constitutional question for Europe is how sovereign democracies can govern common goods together without creating a sovereign

How much has trade policy changed globally? This column introduces the Trade Policy Activity Index, a monthly measure of

Emerging market economies hold foreign exchange reserves to insure against currency crises and to cushion exchange rate movements. Reserves

Retail trade and professional services employ a large share of workers across OECD countries and provide key intermediate inputs

Supplemental private health insurance is becoming more common in universal healthcare systems as a way to secure faster access

As global trade policy becomes increasingly protectionist, the threat of tariff retaliation looms large. This column analyses how the

Governments with well-designed fiscal rules generally enjoy lower yields but less is known about whether investors price compliance with

Low insurance coverage is turning EU governments into disaster insurers of last resort, strengthening the case for prevention and

The global economy is changing at extraordinary speed, and education and training systems are struggling to keep up. Artificial

With falling commercial and emergency oil reserves, Europe’s oil price shock could soon become a volume crisis – a

The central constitutional question for Europe is how sovereign democracies can govern common goods together without creating a sovereign

How much has trade policy changed globally? This column introduces the Trade Policy Activity Index, a monthly measure of

Emerging market economies hold foreign exchange reserves to insure against currency crises and to cushion exchange rate movements. Reserves

Retail trade and professional services employ a large share of workers across OECD countries and provide key intermediate inputs

Supplemental private health insurance is becoming more common in universal healthcare systems as a way to secure faster access




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