
Technology adoption and labour shortages: Evidence from Britain’s Industrial Revolution
As populations in rich countries age and fewer youngsters enter the labour force, employers and politicians bemoan labour ‘shortages’.

As populations in rich countries age and fewer youngsters enter the labour force, employers and politicians bemoan labour ‘shortages’.

US labour productivity has accelerated since 2022. Output per hour grew around 2.5% per year from the end of

Europe pays for innovative medicines through 27 uncoordinated national negotiations, generating access delays, cross-country pricing externalities, and a weak

Europe has devoted substantial resources to fostering innovation and AI diffusion, through both centralised EU initiatives and national programmes.

Real-time evidence from users can inform the current policy debates around artificial intelligence. This column reports on a survey

The way firms coordinate activities, motivate employees, accumulate knowledge, and adapt to changing environments evolves gradually over time, and

Remote work has become a permanent feature of labour markets. But the question remains how to balance the benefits

European defence ministries and intelligence services run on infrastructure they do not control and cannot independently audit – a

Generative AI now writes a substantial share of the world’s code, but aggregate software output has changed far less.

The war in Iran has sent oil prices sharply higher, reviving the question of who bears the cost of

As populations in rich countries age and fewer youngsters enter the labour force, employers and politicians bemoan labour ‘shortages’.

US labour productivity has accelerated since 2022. Output per hour grew around 2.5% per year from the end of

Europe pays for innovative medicines through 27 uncoordinated national negotiations, generating access delays, cross-country pricing externalities, and a weak

Europe has devoted substantial resources to fostering innovation and AI diffusion, through both centralised EU initiatives and national programmes.

Real-time evidence from users can inform the current policy debates around artificial intelligence. This column reports on a survey

The way firms coordinate activities, motivate employees, accumulate knowledge, and adapt to changing environments evolves gradually over time, and

Remote work has become a permanent feature of labour markets. But the question remains how to balance the benefits

European defence ministries and intelligence services run on infrastructure they do not control and cannot independently audit – a

Generative AI now writes a substantial share of the world’s code, but aggregate software output has changed far less.

The war in Iran has sent oil prices sharply higher, reviving the question of who bears the cost of




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