US tariffs may deepen integration, elsewhere
While recent analysis has focused on direct impacts of US tariffs and potential retaliation, major US trading partners have intensified trade negotiations with each other,
How the global minimum tax amendments could reshape Europe’s tax incentives
This analysis offers estimates for EU countries of the possible impact of the ‘safe harbour’ update to the global minimum tax on corporate profits. An
Addressing Europe’s services dependencies
Recent shifts in the geopolitical order have created an urgent need for Europe to strengthen its strategic autonomy. This column discusses the economic security issues
Two decades of Chinese industrial subsidies
China’s industrial policy has become a central flashpoint in global trade debates, yet systematic evidence on what China actually does remains scarce. This column reveals
The narrowing path: Trade and development in a new era
For decades, international trade has been a powerful engine of development. Countries like South Korea and China achieved remarkable transformations – moving from low-income agricultural
The hidden costs of China’s industrial policy
China uses a wide array of industrial policies, such as subsidies and regulations, to promote strategic economic sectors. This column estimates that the equivalent fiscal
Industrial policy and retaliatory protection under the WTO: Lessons from China
Industrial policy is increasingly implemented worldwide, with many policymakers and researchers highlighting its benefits. However, the cost of industrial policy remains less understood. Using Chinese
State aid in times of crisis: Lessons from COVID-19 support for firms in Italy and Spain
The unprecedented wave of state aid to firms across the EU during the COVID-19 pandemic raised questions about who benefited and how effective these interventions
Tax incentives for R&D can spur innovation and growth—when done right
As the debate around industrial policy intensifies, there is broad consensus on the rationale for government support to encourage private sector innovation. Economy-wide returns from
Industrial policy lessons from East Germany’s privatisation
There has been renewed interest in industrial policy as a tool to reshape the structure of economic activity, but little evidence exists on the successful
