How minimum wages reshape firms and their productivity from within
How far can minimum wages rise without damaging jobs and output? This column uses evidence from France to show that firms respond not only by
The energy transition: Progress and challenges
Solar and wind have become the cheapest sources of new electricity almost everywhere, yet Europe is now switching them off in record numbers. This column
Opening the black box of Europe’s new fiscal rules
The EU’s fiscal rules in force since 2024 are often criticised for their complexity. The official implementation requires thousands of lines of code and a
Winners and losers from remote work: How firm capabilities impact productivity
Work from home is now a permanent feature of how firms organise production, yet its effects on productivity remain unclear. Using new data covering all
Green versus conventional corporate debt: Financing choices and climate outcomes
Green debt has become a defining feature of sustainable finance, as firms and investors seek to align capital with climate goals. This column documents the
