Investing in the future: ensuring women-led small businesses can thrive
When we picture engines of economic growth and job creation, we tend to think of large multinational companies and global brands. Yet, in emerging and
Prevention at birth: Birthright citizenship reduces youth crime
When youth crime draws public attention, policymakers typically call for tougher policing and harsher sanctions, overlooking the crime-reducing benefits of early prevention – investments in
AI readiness is a policy choice: evidence from 24 overperforming countries
Rwanda has one of the lowest per capita incomes in the world. It also has a dedicated Responsible AI Office, privacy protection laws aligned with
The impact of geopolitical risk on the euro area economy: Past experience and future prospects
Geopolitical risk has become a key driver of macroeconomic fluctuations. This column analyses the macroeconomic costs of the Russo-Ukrainian war for the euro area, and
Literature support and the capabilities of autonomous research agents
A central weakness of modern machine-learning systems is that performance tends to deteriorate outside the support of the training distribution. This column uses a tournament-style
Global economic outlook hangs in balance between geopolitical headwinds and AI boost, WEF Chief Economists’ Outlook warns
Chief economists already rank the current closure duration of the Strait of Hormuz as significantly more disruptive than last year’s tariff turmoil. The global economic
Hungary has room to streamline public spending without hurting growth
Cutting some state operating and economic spending to the average of its regional peers could save Hungary more than four percent of GDP. Hungary’s new
Measuring capital account openness: Why intensity matters
Recent debates have highlighted the trade-offs between maintaining openness to foreign capital and safeguarding macroeconomic and financial stability, but measuring the level of capital account
When energy shocks bite harder: Non-linear inflation dynamics
The conflict in the Middle East has exposed the euro area to higher energy prices. Using a flexible empirical framework, this column shows that inflation
Europe needs a strategy to close the artificial intelligence compute gap
In its bid to compete with the US on AI, Europe could learn from both China and from the classic Airbus industrial policy case. The
