Peering beyond the veil of aggregate bank lending rate dynamics: Insights into credit-level pricing and composition effects
During the recent tightening and easing cycle, the aggregate bank lending rate to firms in the euro area increased by less than the rise in
An analysis of the EU telecom sector’s ability to remunerate its cost of capital
The EU’s digital economy relies on investments by the telecoms industry to keep the bloc at the forefront of digital innovation and connectivity. However, the
The US dollar: Not a traditional safe haven
Safe-haven currencies are generally understood to appreciate when risk sentiment deteriorates, providing investors with insurance. This column demonstrates that the US dollar differs from that
Better regulation in the European Union needs a fresh start
A solid EU better regulation framework is undermined by gaps in coverage and quality, making consistent application and stronger oversight essential. Despite having developed a
You only live twice: A growth strategy for Ukraine
Between regaining independence in 1991 and the Russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine went from being on par with the more prosperous economies of the former
Income, democracy, and growth: Broadening the perspective
Does prosperity bring democracy? Does democracy boost prosperity? This column argues that the answer to both questions depends critically on whether a country has made
Energy Development Oman mandates USD 10-year sukuk
In October, the company listed a $130 million sukuk on the Muscat Stock Exchange. Oil and gas producer Energy Development Oman has mandated a 10-year
What we can learn from public debt reductions in OECD countries
Public debt-to-GDP ratios have risen substantially over the past 25 years, and multiple spending pressures threaten to increase them further. This column outlines the lessons
Dollar edges up ahead of US jobs data, Supreme Court ruling on Trump’s tariffs
Markets brace for US Supreme Court ruling on Trump’s tariffs. The dollar edged up on Friday as markets awaited a U.S. jobs report and braced
Northern insights: Measuring geopolitical risk through Finnish news media
Much of what we know about geopolitical risk is filtered through a narrow informational lens of global English-language media. This column constructs a geopolitical risk
