
EU barriers to scaling up: The case of fragmented product markets
European firms tend to be smaller and less productive than US firms. Qualitative and survey-based evidence suggests that one

European firms tend to be smaller and less productive than US firms. Qualitative and survey-based evidence suggests that one

During the recent tightening and easing cycle, the aggregate bank lending rate to firms in the euro area increased

Non-degree credentials are rapidly multiplying as alternatives to traditional higher education, but in a largely unregulated market. This column

While recent analysis has focused on direct impacts of US tariffs and potential retaliation, major US trading partners have

Existing evidence indicates that foreign direct investment promotes growth only when host economies have the human capital and deep

A solid EU better regulation framework is undermined by gaps in coverage and quality, making consistent application and stronger

Between regaining independence in 1991 and the Russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine went from being on par with the

That has helped at least to put a floor under euro zone bond prices. Euro zone bonds steadied on

Local responses to gender-based violence, with femicide as its most extreme form, remain uneven across Europe. This column combines

Calls for a digital euro increasingly invoke monetary sovereignty, often on the grounds that Europe must retain control over

European firms tend to be smaller and less productive than US firms. Qualitative and survey-based evidence suggests that one

During the recent tightening and easing cycle, the aggregate bank lending rate to firms in the euro area increased

Non-degree credentials are rapidly multiplying as alternatives to traditional higher education, but in a largely unregulated market. This column

While recent analysis has focused on direct impacts of US tariffs and potential retaliation, major US trading partners have

Existing evidence indicates that foreign direct investment promotes growth only when host economies have the human capital and deep

A solid EU better regulation framework is undermined by gaps in coverage and quality, making consistent application and stronger

Between regaining independence in 1991 and the Russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine went from being on par with the

That has helped at least to put a floor under euro zone bond prices. Euro zone bonds steadied on

Local responses to gender-based violence, with femicide as its most extreme form, remain uneven across Europe. This column combines

Calls for a digital euro increasingly invoke monetary sovereignty, often on the grounds that Europe must retain control over




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