The economic costs of trade sanctions
Following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, it has become increasingly important to evaluate the economic costs of trade sanctions for both the sanctioned and sanctioning
European business cycles and economic growth, 1300-2000
The modern business cycle features long expansions, short recessions, and significant international co-movement. This column explores the changing nature of the business cycle using historical
The effects of government spending through the production network
Government purchases of goods and services are composed of many transactions distributed across diverse industries. Using the universe of federal US procurement contracts, this column
The massive value of European Union cross-border electricity transmission
The European electricity market remains fragmented into national wholesale markets. Most neighbouring countries are connected by transmission lines, but in most cases this transmission capacity
The US economics profession’s socioeconomic diversity problem
Women and racial and ethnic minorities are underrepresented amongst US economics undergraduates, PhDs, and academic faculty relative both to the US population and to many
The productivity-employment nexus: Micro-to-macro insights from 13 countries
The impact of productivity on employment stirs debate amid fears of the technology’s negative effect on labour demand. This column discusses how productivity growth affects
Oil prices slump as fundamentals reassert themselves
By most measures the oil market is the weakest it has been since late June before Saudi Arabia and its OPEC⁺ partners reduced by crude
Google, Meta win court fight against Austrian online content rule
Alphabet’s Google, Meta Platforms and TikTok on Thursday won backing from Europe’s top court in their fight against an Austrian law requiring them to delete hate speech
Apple suffers setback in fight against EU’s $14 billion tax order
An EU tribunal made legal errors when it ruled in favour of Apple over a 13-billion-euro ($14 billion) tax order and should review the case
Climate risk, bank lending, and monetary policy
The issues of whether and how banks penalise climate risk in their lending activities, and how monetary policy affects this, are key for policymaking. This
