An uphill struggle: a long-term perspective on the European public goods debate
Executive summary The historical track record of centralisation of public expenditures at European Union level is patchy, and the prospects of agreement on future common
The tension between exploding AI investment costs and slow productivity growth
This working paper explores the tension between rapidly increasing artificial intelligence investment costs and the slower pace of productivity growth, raising concerns about a potential
Europe’s 2040 climate target: four critical risks and how to manage them
Executive summary The European Commission has recommended that the European Union should cut greenhouse gas emissions by 90 percent by 2040 compared to 1990. Modelling
Identifying areas for EU-UK energy and climate cooperation
Energy cooperation Despite Brexit, the European Union and United Kingdom remain linked through energy. In 2023, trade in energy accounted for 10 percent of EU-UK
Despair and anxiety among UK youth
For years, the age profile of mental ill health was hump-shaped, peaking when people were in their late 40s or early 50s. But in recent
Economic losses from climate change are probably larger than you think: New NGFS scenarios
Recent research suggests that the impact of climate change on economic output might have been underestimated in the past. This column reviews the results from
The Medici’s quiet coup: How the wealthy bend politics without shifting institutions
The Medici family ruled Florence for nearly 300 years, patronising the arts and making Florence a cultural centre of Europe. But there was a dark
Impact of insolvency regimes on non-performing loans: Lessons from detailed credit data
Effective insolvency frameworks can address multiple issues in the banking sector. This column examines the impact of insolvency framework reforms on non-performing loans, using a
The rapid adoption of generative AI
The impact of generative AI on the economy hinges on whether it improves productivity in many important work tasks, and how quickly and intensively is
The housing consumption channel of mortgage demand
Many housing markets have experienced a dramatic rise in house prices and mortgage debt over recent decades that has outpaced average income growth. Increased wealth
