Air service liberalisation and carbon dioxide emissions
Air transport is central to global connectivity, but regulatory restrictions impose high transport costs. This column studies how the signing of air service agreements reshapes
Improving competitiveness or meeting climate targets: The Draghi dilemma
Governments across Europe are increasingly acting to help industry remain competitive without compromising EU climate policy. This column uses the GREENR general equilibrium model and
Revisiting labour supply trends across countries
The long-standing gap in hours worked between Americans and workers in other advanced economies has narrowed significantly. This column examines the evolution of hours worked
Defence spending – no free lunch
The relationship between defence spending and growth has recently returned to the centre of policy discourse. This column argues that increased military expenditure should add
Fiscal institutions matter big time for foreign direct investment in developing economies
Foreign direct investment is a key driver of development, particularly for low-income countries. Nevertheless, low-income countries receive less than 1% of global FDI, and the
Cross-border payment technologies, innovations, and challenges: Lessons from domestic and cross-border payments
Cross-border payments are essential for global trade, remittances, and financial transactions, but remain inefficient compared to domestic payments. This column reviews developments in the wholesale,
An Olympic opportunity for social housing policy: Lessons from the Athens 2004 Olympic Village
Soaring rents, long waiting lists, and mounting political anger are forcing governments across Europe to address gaps in social housing provision. This column examines whether
How new technologies travel: Evidence from global firm networks
Frontier innovation may start at home, but new technologies tend to spread across borders through firm-to-firm networks. Using more than 500 million online job postings
Bank failures: The roles of solvency and liquidity
Do banks fail because of runs or because they become insolvent? Answering this question is central to understanding financial crises and designing effective financial stability
Rapid technology creation widened inequality across time and space
The US college wage premium nearly doubled between 1980 and 2010, rising fastest in dense cities and among young workers. This column argues that the
