Strong coordination of wage setting has been maintained in Nordic countries through pattern bargaining. The tradables sector sets the first agreement, which then serves as the nationwide norm for subsequent wage increases. This column outlines that a key motivation for this model is to maintain international competitiveness and keep the wage share constant over time. […]
Social media influencers have become a powerful advertising channel, but social media advertising is still little regulated, with limited enforcement of disclosure regulations. This column analyses over 100 million tweets from 2014 to 2021 for disclosure rates. The findings suggest that the vast majority of commercial content on social media is not appropriately disclosed by […]
Carbon pricing has become a central tool in Europe’s strategy to mitigate climate change. This column presents new evidence on the impact of carbon pricing across European regions. The authors find that an increase in carbon prices is associated with a significant decline in output and a rise in unemployment. Carbon pricing also has important […]
The fight against inflation has largely been won in the euro area, after a sharp but short-lived inflation episode over 2021-2023. This column argues that energy prices can explain the dynamics of inflation over the recent period better than the interest rate policy of the ECB. At the same time, higher interest rates led to […]
