Beyond military sales: The market premium on dual-use research and development
The sharp rise in European defence spending – driven by Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, President Trump’s re-election and the weakening of US security guarantees,
Europe’s dependence on US foreign military sales and what to do about it
Europe’s reliance on US arms raises autonomy concerns, as security worsens and leaders aim to cut strategic and technological dependence. Worries about Europe’s dependence on
Oil holds steady as investors assess attacks on Russian energy facilities
Oil also received some support from solid refinery demand in China last month and a decline in US crude inventories. Oil prices were little changed
Europe should innovate on defence, play it safe on debt
Strengthening existing safe assets should be a strategic priority for any new joint borrowing. Europe’s looming defence spending needs will put new demands on public
