Between values and interests: drivers of EU aid
EU aid is still more poverty-focused than peers, but external policy drivers are growing and reshaping development cooperation after Global Gateway. This paper examines whether
Size versus allocation in capital market development: evidence from pension funds and insurance companies
EU capital markets stay small as savings sit in deposits, making insurers and pension funds pivotal if portfolios shift into productive assets. The European Union’s
South Asia opens up: How trade reforms impact households and sectors
Over the next decade, about 280 million people will come of working age in South Asia. The region needs a robust growth engine to create jobs
Challenges to the integration of the Western Balkans into European Union supply chains
Western Balkan economic integration with the European Union has advanced significantly over the past two decades, driven by trade liberalisation and significant EU foreign direct
Reforming European defence procurement to boost military innovation and startups
European defence procurement practices must evolve to embrace innovative startups and small firms, in order to meet modern battlefield needs. The war in Ukraine has demonstrated how
Better regulation in the European Union needs a fresh start
A solid EU better regulation framework is undermined by gaps in coverage and quality, making consistent application and stronger oversight essential. Despite having developed a
Don’t swap tariffs for minimum prices on Chinese electric vehicles
One year after the European Union imposed sweeping anti-subsidy duties on battery electric vehicles imported from China, the data tell a story very different from
EU securitisation needs a more market-based approach
The EU is updating its regulations on securitisation, but it still has a long way to go if it wants to emulate the strengths of
Efficiency and distribution in the European Union’s digital deregulation push
A new framework shows how EU digital reforms must balance efficiency with transparent recognition of distributive consequences. To boost the European Union’s digital economy, the European
The case for delaying the application of the EU’s carbon border levy to electricity
The inclusion of electricity in CBAM creates more problems than it solves; ways should be found to exempt it. The European Union is set to
