The Danes, the Dutch, the Swedes and the feasibility of walking away from pay-as-you-go pensions
Prefunded pensions in Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden pair income security with fiscal sustainability, but other EU countries need a faster route. This paper examines
Competitiveness and opportunities for European clean tech
EU green value chains are losing competitiveness, but strong regional specialisation means support should target regions with the best industrial fit. The European Union is
European regulators need more powers to police crypto, watchdog says
The European Securities and Markets Authority said on Wednesday that European regulators should be given more powers to help them enforce crypto rules, and that
Tax policy considerations for the circular economy
EU fiscal systems still favour linear production, as virgin extraction stays largely unpriced and labour-intensive repair is penalised. About 88 percent of materials are thrown
Beyond tariffs: why Europe and India must prioritise investment into manufacturing
The signing of the EU-India Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in January 2026 represents a significant milestone in bilateral economic relations, for both sides. However, it
A sober look at the case for common European Union debt
More EU debt will not lower public borrowing costs or deepen markets without fiscal-union features, permanent issuance and credible fiscal backstops. Proposals for common European
Buyer beware: a taxonomy of the risks of international carbon credits
As the EU reintegrates international carbon credits into its climate framework, understanding the associated risks is essential. For more than a decade, international carbon credits
Planning for the rising fiscal costs of climate disasters
Low insurance coverage is turning EU governments into disaster insurers of last resort, strengthening the case for prevention and adaptation finance. Climate-related disasters are affecting
Europe must prepare for a possible oil supply crunch
With falling commercial and emergency oil reserves, Europe’s oil price shock could soon become a volume crisis – a scenario for which it must prepare.
Between values and interests: drivers of EU aid
EU aid is still more poverty-focused than peers, but external policy drivers are growing and reshaping development cooperation after Global Gateway. This paper examines whether
