Embracing AI in Europe: New evidence from harmonised central bank business surveys
Artificial intelligence is spreading quickly among European firms. Using new surveys from Germany, Italy, and Spain, this column shows that adoption rates of generative AI
Green versus conventional corporate debt: Financing choices and climate outcomes
Green debt has become a defining feature of sustainable finance, as firms and investors seek to align capital with climate goals. This column documents the
Geopolitical shifts, uncertainty, and investment: Evidence from the EIB Investment Survey 2025
Geopolitical risks impact firms on both sides of the Atlantic. While the short-term outlook is better than expected, there remains huge uncertainty related to the
