Multinational firms and global innovation
Multinational companies are at the heart of two key globalisation trends: the fragmentation of production and the internationalisation of innovation. This column studies the global
Hidden exposures in domestic supply chains: The spread of foreign trade risks
Understanding how foreign shocks affect economies has become a policy priority. Using domestic firm-to-firm transaction data matched with customs records, this column shows that Italy’s
The complex linkages between euro area insurers and sovereign bond markets
Over the past decade, euro area insurers have been challenged by the prolonged period of low interest rates until 2022 and climate-related risks, particularly for
Big manufacturing economies struggle as US tariffs hit order books
Euro zone factory activity stagnated as new orders flatlined and headcount fell. The world’s big manufacturing economies struggled to fire up in October, business surveys
How developing countries can measure exposure to the EU’s carbon border adjustment mechanism
In January 2026, the European Union will require importers of certain carbon-intensive goods to pay for their products’ embodied carbon emissions. The policy, known as the
The Chinese economy: stimulus without rebalancing
China’s growth model has continued to rely on expanding industrial capacity and exporting to the world, rather than on domestic consumption. This has lead to
Edutainment for financial inclusion: Empowering women and youth in Central Asia
Central Asia is home to some of the lowest savings rates in the world, and this is particularly true in the Kyrgyz Republic and the
Chinese banks and their EMDE borrowers
Although Chinese banks have remained the top lenders to emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), their growth has slowed and their lending patterns have changed
