Demographic change: Headwinds for economic growth
With fertility rates falling and populations ageing worldwide, the impact of demographic change on economic prosperity has become a central policy concern. This column uses
Trailing with a margin: Official macro forecasts in EU fiscal surveillance
Budgetary planning in the euro area involves a codified interaction between national governments and the European Commission where economic and fiscal forecasts play a crucial
Hidden exposures in domestic supply chains: The spread of foreign trade risks
Understanding how foreign shocks affect economies has become a policy priority. Using domestic firm-to-firm transaction data matched with customs records, this column shows that Italy’s
Aligning drug prices and innovation: How global spillovers shape the future of medicines
As the US and EU push forward with drug-pricing reforms, the topic has moved to the centre of political debate. This column shows how national
The overlooked power of communities in poverty measurement
As with the informal economy, the lack of data on social capital in developing nations has contributed to its exclusion from poverty models. However, if poverty
The complex linkages between euro area insurers and sovereign bond markets
Over the past decade, euro area insurers have been challenged by the prolonged period of low interest rates until 2022 and climate-related risks, particularly for
The real impact of FinTech: Evidence from mobile payment technology
FinTech has transformed finance, but the broader effects of digital payments on consumers, businesses, and banks remain underexplored. This column examines the impact of Singapore’s
Reforming international taxation: Balancing profit shifting and investment responses
The global minimum tax represents the most ambitious international effort in decades to curb profit shifting to tax havens. But how much profit shifting actually
Green versus conventional corporate debt: Financing choices and climate outcomes
Green debt has become a defining feature of sustainable finance, as firms and investors seek to align capital with climate goals. This column documents the
How can data from space shape the future of agriculture?
Have you ever wondered how satellites orbiting thousands of kilometers above Earth can help farmers on the ground grow more food? From mapping land use
