Two decades of Chinese industrial subsidies
China’s industrial policy has become a central flashpoint in global trade debates, yet systematic evidence on what China actually does remains scarce. This column reveals
Drivers of international primary income balances
Financial globalisation since the 1990s has led to large holdings of cross-border assets and liabilities in many countries. This column analyses the yields on assets
The digital euro: Awareness, adoption, and household portfolios
Several central banks are pursuing plans to potentially introduce a central bank digital currency. This column uses survey data covering the 11 largest euro area
Jordan: GDP grows 2.8% in Q3 2025 — DoS
Manufacturing accounted for the largest share at 17.7 per cent, followed by real estate activities at 11.7 per cent Jordan’s gross domestic product (GDP) at
Saudi Arabia approves 2026 borrowing plan with $58bln in financing needs
The world’s top oil exporter is more than halfway through its Vision 2030 plan that calls for hundreds of billions of dollars in government investment
Bahrain unveils special reform package to bolster public finances
These measures include increases in fuel prices, higher electricity and water tariffs for certain categories, and greater dividend contributions from state-owned enterprises Bahrain’s government has
Aviation sector contributes $1.8bln to Oman’s GDP
Tourism supported by aviation represents a major share of this impact, contributing $710 million to GDP and employing approximately 18,000 people. The aviation sector in
The politics of asylum: How local exposure reshaped UK voting
The UK has seen a sharp rise in asylum applications since the Covid-19 pandemic. This column examines how exposure to asylum seekers affects voter behaviour.
The EU fiscal framework undermines innovation and security
European member states may now exceed deficit limits if the borrowing finances defence. This column argues that this fiscal exemption is economically incoherent: it subsidises
Accommodating emerging giants in the global economy
History provides many examples of large changes in the relative economic size of nations. This column examines the impact of rapid economic growth in emerging
