Real exchange rate and international reserves in the era of financial integration
International reserves provide buffers against external financial shocks but maintaining reserves has a high cost, which needs careful consideration and strategic management. This column uses
Unremunerated reserve requirements make the fight against inflation fairer and more effective
The recent rate hikes to fight inflation have led to large transfers of central banks’ profits to commercial banks. This column argues, and provides evidence,
PayPal stock surges as pledge to turn “leaner” keeps crypto concerns at bay
PayPal Holdings added nearly $4 billion to its market value after a pledge to turn “leaner” fired up investors, even as the payments giant disclosed a
‘Home-grown’ innovation has costs as well as benefits
Many European leaders express concern, or even dismay, that Europe is unable to launch and grow its own tech giants like those in the US .
Boosting opportunities for the most vulnerable: the Productive Social Safety Net toolbox for Africa
Africa is not on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of eradicating extreme poverty. While many countries were successful in reducing poverty during the
Scaling up green hydrogen for inclusive growth, better jobs, and lower emissions
Clean hydrogen, including green hydrogen, is a building block for the energy transition. It can potentially eliminate the world’s reliance on fossil fuels, especially in
Artificial intelligence and financial stability
The use of artificial intelligence in the private sector is accelerating, and the financial authorities have no choice but to follow if they are to
The impact of climate policies on oil and gas investment
The induced transition from fossil fuels to low-carbon energy can affect firm investment through powerful anticipation effects. This column uses a firm-level measure of climate
The lack of portfolio investment finance in green companies in emerging markets
Emerging markets will need increasing amounts of foreign private capital to finance their climate transition. This column explores the specific role of investment funds in
Tapping unconventional water solutions to the climate crisis
We need water for every aspect of our economic and social development. How we manage water resources affects whether poor girls are educated, whether cities are
