A more resilient Europe faces a renewed energy shock – but difficult trade-offs may resurface
The conflict in the Middle East has triggered a renewed energy shock for Europe. While the macroeconomic impact is currently expected to remain more contained
Financial stability in the age of artificial intelligence: The role of algorithmic architecture
Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming financial decision-making. This column explores the implications for financial stability using simulation-based experiments on two different AI architectures. Q-learning algorithms,
From openness to vulnerability: Mapping the EU’s foreign dependencies and geopolitical exposure
Recent crises and trade tensions have revealed that EU reliance on foreign suppliers can pose serious risks, especially for essential goods. This column provides a
A plan to revitalise the World Trade Organization
Saving the WTO will require EU-led alliances, better subsidy disciplines and new plurilateral routes, even if some initiatives sit outside the WTO. The World Trade
Oil prices rise as investors doubt US-Iran peace talks breakthrough
Brent crude futures were up $1.17, or around 1.1%, at $103.75 a barrel by 1334 GMT. Oil prices rose slightly on Friday as investors doubted
Gold falls as dollar and yields climb, inflation pressures hover
Despite being an inflation hedge, gold struggles in an elevated interest rate environment. Gold eased on Thursday, pressured by a stronger U.S. dollar and high
Oil shocks, remittances, and growth: the data behind South Asia’s energy vulnerability
Consider a family whose income has suddenly fallen short of covering basic needs. Fuel costs have risen, reducing what the household budget can afford, and
Beyond borders, within societies: Inequality and the global transmission of US monetary policy
Understanding how US monetary policy is transmitted to foreign economies has long been a challenge for policymakers and researchers. This column shows that the domestic
Measuring capital account openness: Why intensity matters
Recent debates have highlighted the trade-offs between maintaining openness to foreign capital and safeguarding macroeconomic and financial stability, but measuring the level of capital account
When energy shocks bite harder: Non-linear inflation dynamics
The conflict in the Middle East has exposed the euro area to higher energy prices. Using a flexible empirical framework, this column shows that inflation
